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Ajax、Struts、spring的无缝结合2008-05-20 来自:lizhe1985  [收藏到我的网摘]

来源:IT专家网

  数据交互过程,我们考虑采用xml来组织数据结构,更新/保存:前台封装需要的xml,通过ajax提交---〉action解析xml ---〉改造原有的持久层实现xml持久化;

  查询时:持久层根据实际需要返回xml,document对象,---〉action 处理 --〉前台自己封装js库来解析xml,并刷新部分页面。

  ajax:已经有很多方法实现跨浏览器的方式,这里只介绍最简单的方式,同步模式下提交xmlStr给action(*.do)。

  /**
  * 将数据同步传递给后台请求url
  * @return 返回xmlhttp 响应的信息
  * @param-url = '/web/module/xxx.do?p1=YY&p2=RR';
  * @param-xmlStr:xml格式的字符串 < data>< xpath>< ![CDATA[数据信息]]>< /xpath>< /data>
  * @author zhipingch
  * @date 2005-03-17
  */
  function sendData(urlStr, xmlStr) {
  var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
  xmlhttp.open("POST", urlStr, false);
  xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
  if (xmlStr) {
  xmlhttp.send(xmlStr);
  } else {
  xmlhttp.send();
  }
  return xmlhttp.responseXml;
  }
  struts中我们扩展了Action,实现了xmlStr转化成document对象(dom4j),并且完善了转发方式。如
  
  1.DispatchAction
  以一个Controller响应一组动作绝对是Controller界的真理,Struts的DispatchAction同样可以做到这点。
  
  < action path="/admin/user" name="userForm" scope="request" parameter="method" validate="false">
  < forward name="list" path="/admin/userList.jsp"/>
  < /action>
  
  其中parameter="method" 设置了用来指定响应方法名的url参数名为method,即/admin/user.do?method=list 将调用UserAction的public ActionForward list(....) 函数。

  public ActionForward unspecified(....) 函数可以指定不带method方法时的默认方法。[/quote]

  但是这样需要在url后多传递参数method=list; 并且action节点配置中的parameter="method"

  也没有被充分利用,反而觉得是累赘!

  因此我们直接在BaseDispatchAction中增加xml字符串解析,并充分利用action节点配置中的[color=red]parameter="targetMethod" [/color],使得转发的时候,action能够直接转发到子类的相应方法中,减少了url参数传递,增强了配置信息可读性,方便团队开发。

  同样以上述为例,扩展后的配置方式如下:

  < action path="/admin/user" scope="request" [color=red]parameter="list"[/color] validate="false">
  < forward name="list" path="/admin/userList.jsp"/>
  < /action>
  
  其中parameter="list"设置了用来指定响应url=/admin/user.do的方法名,它将调用UserAction的public ActionForward list(....) 函数。

  BaseDispatchDocumentAction 的代码如下,它做了三件重要的事情:

  1、采用dom4j直接解析xml字符串,并返回document,如果没有提交xml数据,或者采用form形式提交的话,返回null;

  2、采用模版方法处理系统异常,减少了子类中无尽的try{...}catch(){...}; 其中异常处理部分另作描述(你可以暂时去掉异常处理,实现xml提交和解析,如果你有兴趣,我们可以进一步交流);

  3、提供了Spring配置Bean的直接调用,虽然她没有注入那么优雅,但是实现了ajax、struts、spring的结合。

  BaseDispatchDocumentAction 的源码如下:

  package com.ufida.haisheng.struts;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.PrintWriter;
  import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.math.BigDecimal;
  import java.sql.Timestamp;
  import java.util.Date;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
  import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.BigDecimalConverter;
  import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.ClassConverter;
  import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.IntegerConverter;
  import org.apache.commons.beanutils.converters.LongConverter;
  import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
  import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
  import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
  import org.apache.struts.util.MessageResources;
  import org.dom4j.Document;
  import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
  import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
  import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
  import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
  import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
  import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.constants.Globals;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.converter.DateConverter;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.converter.TimestampConverter;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.ExceptionDTO;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.ExceptionDisplayDTO;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptionhandler.ExceptionHandlerFactory;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptionhandler.ExceptionUtil;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptionhandler.IExceptionHandler;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptions.BaseAppException;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptions.MappingConfigException;
  import com.ufida.haisheng.exp.exceptions.NoSuchBeanConfigException;
  /**
  * 系统的Ajax转发基类。增加模版处理异常信息。
  *
  * @author 陈志平 chenzp
  * @desc BaseDispatchDocumentAction.java
  *
  * @说明: web 应用基础平台
  * @date 2005-03-02 11:18:01 AM
  * @版权所有: All Right Reserved 2006-2008
  */
  public abstract class BaseDispatchDocumentAction extends Action {
  protected Class clazz = this.getClass();
  protected static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(BaseDispatchDocumentAction.class);
  /**
  * 异常信息
  */
  protected static ThreadLocal< ExceptionDisplayDTO> expDisplayDetails = new ThreadLocal< ExceptionDisplayDTO>();
  private static final Long defaultLong = null;
  private static ApplicationContext ctx = null;
  /**
  * 注册转换的工具类 使得From中的string --
  * Model中的对应的类型(Date,BigDecimal,Timestamp,Double...)
  */
  static {
  ConvertUtils.register(new ClassConverter(), Double.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new DateConverter(), Date.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new DateConverter(), String.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new LongConverter(defaultLong), Long.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new IntegerConverter(defaultLong), Integer.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new TimestampConverter(), Timestamp.class);
  ConvertUtils.register(new BigDecimalConverter(defaultLong), BigDecimal.class);
  }
  /**
  * The message resources for this package.
  */
  protected static MessageResources messages = MessageResources.getMessageResources("org.apache.struts.actions.LocalStrings");
  /**
  * The set of Method objects we have introspected for this class, keyed by
  * method name. This collection is populated as different methods are
  * called, so that introspection needs to occur only once per method name.
  */
  protected HashMap< String, Method> methods = new HashMap< String, Method>();
  /**
  * The set of argument type classes for the reflected method call. These are
  * the same for all calls, so calculate them only once.
  */
  protected Class[] types = { ActionMapping.class, ActionForm.class, Document.class, HttpServletRequest.class,
  HttpServletResponse.class };
  /**
  * Process the specified HTTP request, and create the corresponding HTTP
  * response (or forward to another web component that will create it).
  * Return an < code>ActionForward< /code> instance describing where and how
  * control should be forwarded, or < code>null< /code> if the response has
  * already been completed.
  *
  * @param mapping
  * The ActionMapping used to select this instance
  * @param form
  * The optional ActionForm bean for this request (if any)
  * @param request
  * The HTTP request we are processing
  * @param response
  * The HTTP response we are creating
  *
  * @exception Exception
  * if an exception occurs
  */
  public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request,
  HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
  response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
  ExceptionDisplayDTO expDTO = null;
  try {
  Document doc = createDocumentFromRequest(request);
  /*
  * 这里直接调用mapping的parameter配置
  */
  String actionMethod = mapping.getParameter();
  /*
  * 校验配置的方法是否正确、有效
  */
  isValidMethod(actionMethod);
  return dispatchMethod(mapping, form, doc, request, response, actionMethod);
  } catch (BaseAppException ex) {
  expDTO = handlerException(request, response, ex);
  } catch (Exception ex) {
  ExceptionUtil.logException(this.getClass(), ex);
  renderText(response,"[Error :对不起,系统出现错误了,请向管理员报告以下异常信息.\n" + ex.getMessage() + "]");
  request.setAttribute(Globals.ERRORMSG, "对不起,系统出现错误了,请向管理员报告以下异常信息.\n" + ex.getMessage());
  expDTO = handlerException(request,response, ex);
  } finally {
  expDisplayDetails.set(null);
  }
  return null == expDTO ? null : (expDTO.getActionForwardName() == null ? null : mapping.findForward(expDTO.getActionForwardName()));
  }
  /**
  * 直接输出纯字符串
  */
  public void renderText(HttpServletResponse response, String text) {
  PrintWriter out = null;
  try {
  out = response.getWriter();
  response.setContentType("text/plain; charset=UTF-8");
  out.write(text);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  log.error(e);
  } finally {
  if (out != null) {
  out.flush();
  out.close();
  out = null;
  }
  }
  }
  /**
  * 直接输出纯HTML
  */
  public void renderHtml(HttpServletResponse response, String text) {
  PrintWriter out = null;
  try {
  out = response.getWriter();
  response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
  out.write(text);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  log.error(e);
  } finally {
  if (out != null) {
  out.flush();
  out.close();
  out = null;
  }
  }
  }
  /**
  * 直接输出纯XML
  */
  public void renderXML(HttpServletResponse response, String text) {
  PrintWriter out = null;
  try {
  out = response.getWriter();
  response.setContentType("text/xml; charset=UTF-8");
  out.write(text);
  } catch (IOException e) {
  log.error(e);
  } finally {
  if (out != null) {
  out.flush();
  out.close();
  out = null;
  }
  }
  }
  /**
  * 异常处理
  * @param request
  * @param out
  * @param ex
  * @return ExceptionDisplayDTO异常描述对象
  */
  private ExceptionDisplayDTO handlerException(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response, Exception ex) {
  ExceptionDisplayDTO expDTO = (ExceptionDisplayDTO) expDisplayDetails.get();
  if (null == expDTO) {
  expDTO = new ExceptionDisplayDTO(null,this.getClass().getName());
  }
  IExceptionHandler expHandler = ExceptionHandlerFactory.getInstance().create();
  ExceptionDTO exDto = expHandler.handleException(expDTO.getContext(), ex);
  request.setAttribute("ExceptionDTO", exDto);
  renderText(response,"[Error:" + (exDto == null ? "ExceptionDTO is null,请检查expinfo.xml配置文件." : exDto.getMessageCode())
  + "]");
  return expDTO;
  }
  private void isValidMethod(String actionMethod) throws MappingConfigException {
  if (actionMethod == null || "execute".equals(actionMethod) || "perform".equals(actionMethod)) {
  log.error("[BaseDispatchAction->error] parameter = " + actionMethod);
  expDisplayDetails.set(new ExceptionDisplayDTO(null, "MappingConfigException"));
  throw new MappingConfigException("对不起,配置的方法名不能为 " + actionMethod);
  }
  }
  /**
  * 解析xml流
  * @param request
  * @return Document对象
  */
  protected static Document createDocumentFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
  try {
  request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
  Document document = null;
  SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
  document = reader.read(request.getInputStream());
  return document;
  } catch (Exception ex) {
  log.warn("TIPS:没有提交获取XML格式数据流! ");
  return null;
  }
  }
  /**
  * Dispatch to the specified method.
  *
  * @since Struts 1.1
  */
  protected ActionForward dispatchMethod(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, Document doc,HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String name) throws Exception {
  Method method = null;
  try {
  method = getMethod(name);
  } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
  String message = messages.getMessage("dispatch.method", mapping.getPath(), name);
  log.error(message, e);
  expDisplayDetails.set(new ExceptionDisplayDTO(null, "MappingConfigException"));
  throw new MappingConfigException(message, e);
  }
  ActionForward forward = null;
  try {
  Object args[] = { mapping, form, doc, request, response };
  log.debug("[execute-begin] -> " + mapping.getPath() + "->[" + clazz.getName() + "->" + name + "]");
  forward = (ActionForward) method.invoke(this, args);
  log.debug(" [execute-end] -> " + (null == forward ? "use ajax send to html/htm" : forward.getPath()));
  } catch (ClassCastException e) {
  String message = messages.getMessage("dispatch.return", mapping.getPath(), name);
  log.error(message, e);
  throw new BaseAppException(message, e);
  } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
  String message = messages.getMessage("dispatch.error", mapping.getPath(), name);
  log.error(message, e);
  throw new BaseAppException(message, e);
  } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
  Throwable t = e.getTargetException();
  String message = messages.getMessage("dispatch.error", mapping.getPath(), name);
  throw new BaseAppException(message, t);
  }
  return (forward);
  }
  /**
  * Introspect the current class to identify a method of the specified name
  * that accepts the same parameter types as the < code>execute< /code>
  * method does.
  *
  * @param name
  * Name of the method to be introspected
  *
  * @exception NoSuchMethodException
  * if no such method can be found
  */
  protected Method getMethod(String name) throws NoSuchMethodException {
  synchronized (methods) {
  Method method = (Method) methods.get(name);
  if (method == null) {
  method = clazz.getMethod(name, types);
  methods.put(name, method);
  }
  return (method);
  }
  }
  /**
  * 返回spring bean对象
  * @param name Spring Bean的名称
  * @exception BaseAppException
  */
  protected Object getSpringBean(String name) throws BaseAppException {
  if (ctx == null) {
  ctx = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServlet().getServletContext());
  }
  Object bean = null;
  try {
  bean = ctx.getBean(name);
  } catch (BeansException ex) {
  throw new NoSuchBeanConfigException("对不起,您没有配置名为:" + name + "的bean。请检查配置文件!", ex.getRootCause());
  }
  if (null == bean) {
  throw new NoSuchBeanConfigException("对不起,您没有配置名为:" + name + "的bean。请检查配置文件!");
  }
  return bean;
  }
  }

  开发人员只需要继承它就可以了,我们写个简单的示例action,如下:

  /**
  * 带Ajax提交xml数据的action类模版
  *
  * @author 陈志平 chenzp
  *
  * @说明: web 应用基础平台
  * @date Aug 1, 2006 10:52:13 AM
  * @版权所有: All Right Reserved 2006-2008
  */
  public class UserAction extends BaseDispatchDocumentAction {
  /**
  * 这里 actionForm 和 doc 参数必有一个为空,请聪明的你分析一下
  * @param mapping --转发的映射对象
  * @param actionForm --仍然支持表单提交,此时doc == null
  * @param doc document对象,解析xml后的文档对象
  * @param request --请求
  * @param response --响应
  */
  public ActionForward list(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm actionForm, [color=red]Document doc[/color],HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws BaseAppException {
  /**
  * 转发的名称 userAction.search: 系统上下文 用于异常处理
  */
  expDisplayDetails.set(new ExceptionDisplayDTO(null, "userAction.search"));
  /**
  * 处理业务逻辑部分:
  *
  * 获取各种类型的参数 RequestUtil.getStrParameter(request,"ParameterName");
  *
  * 调用父类的 getSpringBean("serviceID")方法获取spring的配置bean
  *
  */
  UserManager userManager = (LogManager) getSpringBean("userManager");
  //返回xml对象到前台
  renderXML(response, userManager.findUsersByDoc(doc));
  return null;
  }

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数据交互过程,我们考虑采用xml来组织数据结构,更新/保存:前台封装需要的xml,通过ajax提交---〉action解析xml ---〉改造原有的持久层实现xml持久化。

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